History
Although firefighting
and rescue operations may demand strenuous physical exertion from
time to time, a majority of the duties of fire department personnel
can be characterized as sedentary in nature (i.e. building inspection,
public education, equipment maintenance, and incident investigative
activities ). The combination of these two extremes in physical
activity is responsible for a significant number of on-the-job
injuries and illnesses. Annually the leading cause of death for
on-duty firefighters and law enforcement officers is cardiovascular
disease; it accounts for nearly 50% of all fatalities. Recent
studies have shown that firefighters over 35 years of age are
at higher risk of coronary artery disease than the general population.
Additionally, nearly half of their disabling injuries can be attributed
to a lack of physical fitness.
In response
to a growing concern for the disabling illnesses and injuries
of firefighters in Virginia, Dr. David Bever and his colleagues at
George Mason University developed the FireFit Program in 1982.
Since that time departments utilizing FireFit training principles
have realized significant reductions in lost worktime injuries
and workers’ compensation claims. The most significant injury
reductions have involved muscular strains to the upper shoulder
girdle and the low back. Of special importance has been the discovery
that firefighters who participate in an ongoing, on-the-job fitness
program utilize less sick leave and recover more quickly when
injured in the line of duty than those not participating in such
a program.
The FireFit
Program was designed to increase the cardiorespiratory efficiency,
muscular strength, muscular endurance, lean body mass, and flexibility
of officers. Personnel from participating departments completed
an initial battery of tests to measure their levels of fitness.
These tests include:
- One repetition-maximum
bench press
- 1 minute
timed sit-up test
- Sit &
reach flexibility test
- Pull-ups
- Push-ups
- 1.5 mile
run
- Body fat
estimation
- Resting
heart rate
- Blood
pressure
The above protocols were selected, since they have been found
to be good predictors of the five major areas of fitness (aerobic
capacity, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility,
and body composition).
In 1989 a
FITNESS LEADERSHIP CERTIFICATION COURSE was developed to assist
fire and rescue departments in the development of health and fitness
programs for their personnel. This three-day course provides firefighters
with a variety of assessment tools and training strategies to
plan and implement effective health maintenance programs for their
personnel.
Throughout
the FireFit Fitness Leadership Program the instructional process
emphasizes active participation. During the first day each
participant will complete a battery of fitness evaluations. The
information obtained from these profiles will serve as the basis
for interpreting the major components of health related fitness
(muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory
function and body composition) which are discussed and demonstrated
throughout the course. These profiles also will be used to
assist each fitness leader in developing the necessary skills
for providing individual exercise prescriptions for his/her fellow
firefighters.
During days two and three of the program fitness leaders will
receive detailed instruction concerning weight training, flexibility
and stretching, aerobic fitness, nutrition, and stress management.
Upon completion of FireFit®'s Leadership Program fitness leaders
will have the skills necessary to develop an on-going health maintenance
program for their departments.
FireFit
Program Objectives
Completion
of the FireFit® Program will enable fitness leaders to:
-
Understand the benefits provided by regular exercise including
reduced cardiovascular risk, management of stress, weight
control, improved professional performance and a sense of
physical and mental well being.
-
Understand the physiology of exercise including its effects
on aerobic capacity, muscular strength, muscular endurance,
flexibility, and body composition.
-
Understand the relationships between physical fitness and
other lifestyle factors such as diet, smoking, and alcohol
use.
-
Promote effectively a wide range of fitness activities among
fellow officers including on the job and off the job fitness
activities through skilled leadership, motivational techniques,
and reinforcement strategies.
-
Monitor the fitness status of their fellow firefighters as
they progress in the FireFit® Program.
FireFit® Fitness Leadership Curriculum Overview
To enhance
instruction, every session has an associated activity component,
which allows officers to apply in a practical manner the concepts
that they are learning. This hands-on, experiential approach
motivates fitness leaders in the FireFit® Program to lead
by example and reinforces the fact that any successful fitness
program must have the active support of senior management.
Day One
Session 1: Firefighters and Physical Fitness
Session 2: During this session participants will complete a battery
of health and fitness assessments.
Session 3: Interpreting and Applying Assessment Information: Cardiovascular
Fitness
Session 4: Interpreting and Applying Assessment Information: Flexibility
Day
Two
Session 5: Interpreting and Applying Assessment Information: Muscular
Strength and Endurance
Session 6: Interpreting and Applying Assessment Information and
Results: Body Composition
Session 7: Firefighter Fitness Assessments
Day
Three
Session 8: Nutrition and Weight Control for Officers
Session 9: Prevention and Treatment of Exercise-Induced Injuries
Session 10: Promoting Optimum Health: Motivational and Reinforcement
Strategies |